With summer setting in and the heat becoming increasingly intense, it’s time to gear up and ensure that your permaculture garden is well-equipped to thrive in the arid conditions of the desert. 
Let us explore edible, nitrogen-fixing ground covers, fast-growing plants for shade, the benefits of mulching, strategic watering practices, and the use of man-made shade structures.
Harness the Power of Edible and Nitrogen-Fixing Ground Covers
Ground covers are essential in reducing soil temperature, preserving moisture, and deterring the growth of weeds. In a permaculture garden, edible or nitrogen-fixing ground covers serve a dual purpose – they not only protect the soil but also contribute to its fertility or provide a harvest.
Consider sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). It thrives in heat, covers ground rapidly, and produces both edible leaves and tubers.
For nitrogen-fixing, consider the Perennial Peanut (Arachis pintoi). This drought-tolerant ground cover improves soil fertility while providing a lush, green carpet to your garden.
Fast-Growing Plants for Shade and Nitrogen Fixation
Fast-growing, heat-tolerant trees can provide critical shade to your garden, protecting it from the harshest summer sun. The Moringa tree (Moringa oleifera), often referred to as the ‘Miracle Tree’, is an excellent choice. It’s a rapid grower, provides dense shade, edible leaves and pods, and improves soil fertility.
Another powerful option is the Mesquite tree (Prosopis spp.), native to Arizona. It’s a hardy tree that provides substantial shade and edible pods. Also, as a legume, it fixes nitrogen, contributing to soil health.
Mulching: Your Garden’s Summer Armor
Mulch is like a protective shield for your garden soil against the intense summer heat. It reduces evaporation, maintains cooler soil temperature, and gradually adds organic matter to the soil. Organic mulches like straw, compost, or wood chips are great options. Remember, a thicker layer of mulch (around 8-12 inches) is more effective in moisture retention.
Watering: Timing and Technique
In arid summers, efficient watering practices are crucial. It’s best to water early in the morning, which reduces evaporation and allows water to reach the roots. Each irrigation system serves its purpose, Flood bubbling, drip irrigation, or perforated lines can be particularly efficient, directing water effectively to the plants roots.
Adjust your irrigation system according to summer needs, generally increasing frequency and quantity. However, ensure you’re not overwatering, as it can lead to shallow root growth and lower drought tolerance.
Man-Made Shade Structures
In addition to natural shade, consider man-made structures like shade cloths, trellises, or pergolas. Shade cloths can be especially helpful for protecting vulnerable plants, and trellises or pergolas can provide shade if you grow vine plants like beans or cucumbers on them.
In conclusion, summer preparation for your desert permaculture garden is about being proactive – selecting the right plants, providing ample shade, using mulch, and following smart watering practices. Embrace the season and witness your garden thriving in harmony with nature.